Robert Service

Robert Service is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and a Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford. His research interests concern Russian history and politics in all its aspects, from the late nineteenth century to the present day. His most recent publication is Russia and Its Islamic World. He is the author of Spies and Commissars: Russia and the West in the Bolshevik Revolution; Dictionary of 20th Century Communism (coedited with Silvio Pons); The Russian Revolution 1900–1927, 4th edition; Trotsky; Lenin: A Biography; A History of Modern Russia. From Tsarism to the Twenty-First Century, 3rd edition, expanded and updated; Stalin: A Biography; and Comrades: A World History of Communism.